By Tim Downs

a Book Review by John Ed Robertson

Have you ever read a book that you wished you had written? Finding Common Ground is a book like that for me. Perhaps a more accurate way to say it would be to say that I wish I could express my deep beliefs as articulately as Tim Downs.

The thrust of the book has to do with the need for sowing at this time and the contrast between sowing and harvesting. Downs’ two stated purposes are:

1. To remind Christians of the critical need to sow.

2. To warn of the tragic consequences if we do not.

He summarizes the differences between sowing and harvesting as follows:

The author’s basic thesis is that the Body of Christ is coming off an unusual time of harvesting in America in the 60’s and 70’s, and this harvest has colored our thinking about evangelism. Many Christians believe that harvesting is the only legitimate form of evangelism, and that sowing is for "wimps", at best. He refers often to Jesus’ words in John 4:35-37 to establish the legitimacy of sowing. He writes:

Although I would say that the "struggle with a thinning harvest" has been primarily over the last twenty years (the abundant harvest to which he refers was primarily in the 60’s and 70’s), I would certainly agree that the harvest is much thinner today. The basic thesis of the book is that this abundant harvest of the 60’s and 70’s was made possible by the sowing of previous generations, and that it is now our responsibility to sow to prepare a harvest in future generations.

This book includes a good analysis of contemporary American culture to give the reasons why sowing is much more necessary today than in earlier decades. For example, he observes that pluralism and tolerance have become the supreme virtues for many Americans. He defines pluralism as "the belief that no single explanation or view of reality can account for all the phenomena of life". He notes that the definition of tolerance has shifted from "sympathy or indulgence for beliefs or practices differing from or conflicting with one’s own" to "positive" tolerance: "the positive and cordial effort to understand another’s beliefs, practices and habits and to accept them as equally valid approaches to life". In other words, tolerance no longer means tolerating other points of view; we are now expected to affirm them as equally valid. He quotes a placard he saw on a college campus: "It isn’t wrong to think you’re right, but it isn’t right to think others are wrong."

He correctly observes: "The new tolerance has created a tremendous ethical and emotional tension for Christians". We have long enjoyed a "most favored religion" status in America, but those days are over, and many Christians are angry about it. As a result, Christians tend to be much more focused on justice than on love. He writes: "The tension between love and justice is exhausting to maintain. It requires wisdom, sensitivity, self-restraint and faith in the sovereignty of God." Because it is exhausting to maintain this tension, many Christians opt for one extreme or the other, and the majority opts for the extreme of justice. This leads us to focus on proclamation in evangelism, and if people don’t respond, it is not our problem.

The emphasis on this being the end times also contributes to this mentality and often leads us to adopt a "scorched earth policy" according to Downs. He writes:

He recommends that we recognize the distinction between a grain harvest (where we sweep through the field and scoop up everything in order to winnow out the grain) and a fruit harvest, where we carefully pick the fruit and leave the vines or trees intact for future years.

Downs includes an excellent discussion of communication as both science (i.e. the content of what we communicate) and art (the style, or how we communicate it). He maintains that most theological education concentrates heavily on the science of communication at the expense of the art of communication. In the modern era this was very important, but as American culture has become more post-modern, we find ourselves once again in the position of having excellent answers to questions that people are no longer asking. He quotes Phillip Yancey in Open Windows:

He concedes that science is good up to a point, but it can make the most fascinating, life-transforming communication in the world boring. He concludes:

There are some excellent thoughts on indirect communication, which "bypasses the listener’s conscious defenses". It is really an attack against our "supply lines", our underlying beliefs or attitudes that are critical to the support of our primary beliefs. He notes the obvious effectiveness of indirect communication when used by the secular media. Seldom, if ever, does Hollywood come out and say that that pre-marital sex is normal and healthy, for example, but it is repeatedly portrayed that way. This certainly gets the message across. "The greatest danger to those who would follow Jesus is not overt persecution by society, but subtle seduction of its values."

He deplores the fact that Christians seem so limited to direct communication when we are all so impacted by indirect communication. He writes:

Downs believes that we must lose our fear of art and artists and learn the strategy of indirect communication, and grow in subtlety and patience. Even if Christians are unconvinced of the value and power of art, the world will continue to use it. Furthermore, the world will continue to set the standard for excellence in art.

He also includes an excellent chapter on insider evangelism. He cites several Biblical examples of insiders who worked their way up to key positions of influence, such as Nehemiah, Joseph, and Esther. Many Christians are unconvinced of the value of sowing and suspicious of any calling to be an insider, but those who are outsiders often depend completely on insiders for ministry to take place. Sowing is an inside job, and insider status grants other opportunities aside from direct evangelism that are also of great value.

On the other hand, insiders often need help from outsiders to take advantage of those opportunities. Insiders have access, but limited availability. Outsiders have availability, but limited access. What is needed is a healthy balance of both.

What is also needed for effective insider sowing is a healthy Biblical attitude toward work. The workplace may be a difficult place to harvest, but it is a great place to sow. This requires, however, that we see our "secular" work as being as spiritual as overt evangelism. Downs writes: "Before the sower can introduce his co-workers to God, he must introduce God into his work."

Another requirement for sowing is a healthy balance of innocence and shrewdness, as advocated by Jesus in Matthew 10:16. If we only want to harvest, we don’t need as much tact, diplomacy and shrewdness. If we only want to sow, we don’t need as much courage. To be effective in both requires both courage and tact, both shrewdness and innocence.

The second half of the book is devoted to strategies for sowing, such as cultivating the soil, planting the seed, and nurturing the seedlings. For example, he lists six "soil deficiencies" in contemporary American culture that must be taken into consideration for effective sowing, including:

1. Biblical ignorance

2. Prejudice (against evangelical Christians) Many unbelievers view our attempts at witnessing as "a lengthy, boring, irrelevant, unwanted, intrusion by a glassy-eyed, too friendly, Scripture-quoting devotee of some religious sect."

3. Personal issues. The people we are trying to reach are often preoccupied.

4. An inadequate worldview.

5. Cultural issues.

6. Personal cost (of becoming a Christian).

1. Questions that are non-threatening and that communicate humility. We should seek to draw out our interlocutors and be genuinely interested in them and not just in getting our point of view across. In addition, questions are an effective means of helping people discover truth for themselves.

2. Agreements, as opposed to arguments! He cites the example of Paul’s sermon on Mars Hill in Acts 17, where Paul sought common ground as a starting point instead of focusing on their idolatry, etc. He quotes C. S. Lewis, writing in The Four Loves: "The man who agrees with us that some important question, little regarded by others, is of great importance, can be our friend. He need not agree about the answer."

3. Our lives, which allow us to incarnate the Gospel as well as proclaim it.

One thing that is very helpful about Downs’ approach (at least for an engineer!) is that he groups his ideas in lists. Some of these lists have been included above, and others are included in the appendix. He concludes with a helpful summary of the book with the following points:

1. Our culture is rapidly changing. The increasing emphasis on tolerance and pluralism is creating a growing hostility toward conservative Christians.

2. Christians believe that America, once a Christian nation, is being taken away from us. We feel attacked, and as a result we tend to adopt a culture-war mind-set.

3. We prefer to take the role of the prophet, preferring justice to love. We emphasize courage and boldness more than wisdom and tact.

4. The Christian attitude toward our culture tends to be separatist. We seek to be innocent as doves, but often fail to be shrewd as serpents.

5. Convinced that these are the end times, we adopt a burn-over mentality. We see no reason to plan ahead in a world that has no future.

6. Due to the successful harvest of recent decades, we now see harvesting as the only legitimate form of ministry. We devalue sowing as slow, unspiritual, or even cowardly.

1. Christians are retreating from the culture, taking an adversarial attitude.
2. The non-Christian culture is becoming more hostile in return.
3. The culture, from a Christian perspective, is eroding rapidly.
4. If Christians don’t begin to sow, we’ve seen our last harvest.

Downs concludes that sowing is not some trendy new approach to evangelism; it is an ancient Biblical approach. It is not an option, and a movement of sowers is needed to commit their lives to the rebuilding of American culture. To strike the balance between sowing and harvesting, he writes:

APPENDIX

SOME HELPFUL LISTS

1. Biblical ignorance

2. Prejudice (against evangelical Christians) Many unbelievers view our attempts at witnessing as "a lengthy, boring, irrelevant, unwanted, intrusion by a glassy-eyed, too friendly, Scripture-quoting devotee of some religious sect."

1. Personal issues. The people we are trying to reach are often preoccupied.

2. An inadequate worldview.

3. Cultural issues.

4. Personal cost (of becoming a Christian).

C Effective tools for planting, including:

1. Questions that are non-threatening and that communicate humility.

2. Agreements, as opposed to arguments!

3. Our lives, which allow us to incarnate the Gospel as well as proclaim it.

D. Requirements for good materials:

1. The materials must speak the unbeliever’s language

2. The materials must show an understanding of the unbeliever’s world.

3. The materials must be intelligent and credible

4. The materials must raise good questions.

5. The materials must have a reasonable persuasive goal.

E. Recommendations for Cultivating the American Soil

1. We must revalue the role of the sower.
2. We must talk within our churches about how to sow.
3. We must train our youth in the philosophy and basic skills of sowing.
4. We must encourage training and education for advanced areas of sowing
5. We must create support structures for our sowers (equipping, encouragement, esteem)
6. We must prepare for the long haul.

7. We must be willing to accept unmeasurable results.

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